Dictionary of Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine, and Translational Medicine by Dye Frank J

Author:Dye, Frank J.
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781118867792
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Published: 2017-03-20T00:00:00+00:00

intraembryonic

within the embryo.

intramembranous ossification

ossification occurring within condensed mesenchyme, usually involved in the formation of flat bones, such as in the calvaria.

intraspecific incompatibility

the failure of pollen from one member of a species to germinate and/or grow on the stigma of another member of the same species. See: self-incompatibility.

intrauterine device

See: IUD (intrauterine device).

intron

intervening sequence; the portion of a gene that is not expressed, as part of a protein molecule, but is spliced out of the primary transcript to form the definitive mRNA transcribed from the gene. Introns are characteristic of eukaryotic genes. See: exon.

invagination

a basic morphogenetic movement; an inpocketing, the movement of a layer of cells into a preformed cavity; e.g., the optic cups develop from invaginations of the optic vesicles.

inversion

to turn inside out.

invertebrates

animals without backbones (vertebral columns); the ability of the mesoderm to form a notochord and its overlying ectoderm to become a neural tube separated the chordates from the remaining invertebrates.

involuting marginal zone (IMZ) cells

those cells of the marginal zone of the amphibian embryo that undergo involution during gastrulation.

involution

a basic morphogenetic movement; the inward movement of cells over a rim, as in the inward movement of cells over the dorsal lip of the blastopore during the gastrulation of some frogs.

ionophores

literally to bear or carry ions; also called ionophorous antibiotics; these are small molecules that allow inorganic ions, such as calcium ions, to pass through cell membranes that would otherwise be impermeable to them, e.g., A23187. Used, for example, in studying the role of calcium ions in fertilization.

iPSCs

See induced pluripotent stem cells.

iris

the pigmented membrane located between the cornea and the lens of the eye, surrounding the pupil, and capable of contraction.

irregular cleavage

division of a zygote into random masses of cells, as in certain coelenterates.

ischemia

in medicine, a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive); ischemia is generally caused by problems with blood vessels, with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue. It also means local anemia in a given part of a body sometimes resulting from congestion (such as vasoconstriction, thrombosis, or embolism).

islets of Langerhans

scattered accumulations of insulin-secreting cells found in the pancreas.

isogamy

sexual reproduction by the union of gametes that are similar in size; found in some algae and fungi. See: anisogamy, oogamy.

isolation experiment

involves removing a part of an embryo and observing the development of the isolated part and the defective embryo.

isolecithal

(see Figs. 12 and 14). See: isolecithal eggs.

isomerism

when the parts on the two sides of the body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal are wholly equivalent. See: situs solitus.

isometric growth

growth where all components grow at the same rate so that shape is preserved.

isthmus

the narrow segment of the mammalian oviduct adjacent to the uterus.

iteroparous

a species or population in which individuals experience more than one bout of reproduction over the course of a typical lifetime, e.g., humans.

IUD (intrauterine device)

a birth control device inserted into the uterus that prevents the embryo from implanting into the endometrium. See: contragestion.

IVF

See: in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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